york-woman-whose-dad-was-diagnosed-with-incurable-cancer-takes-on-yoga-challenge-in-aid-of-myeloma-uk | Yorkshire Reporter Hub

Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized experience.

Pages

Home
AI Image Matcher — AIImage Matcher on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Aberford Advertising — Aberford Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
About Us — About Us on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Add Magazine — Add Magazine on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Add Newspaper — Add Newspaper on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Advertise — Advertise on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Booking Platform — Booking Platform on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage Ad Bookings — Manage Ad Bookings on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Advertise Location — Advertise Location on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Alwoodley Advertising — Alwoodley Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Article View — Article View on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Auto Buy Sell — Auto Buy Sell on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Barwick Advertising — Barwick Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Boston Spa Advertising — Boston Spa Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Categories — Categories on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Collingham Advertising — Collingham Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Colton Advertising — Colton Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Competitions — Competitions on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Cookie FAQ — Cookie FAQ on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Cookie Policy — Cookie Policy on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Cross Gates Advertising — Cross Gates Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Distribution — Distribution on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Duplicate Article Scanner — Duplicate Article Scanner on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Duplicate Scanner — Duplicate Scanner on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
E Magazine — EMagazine on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
E Paper — EPaper on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
East Leeds Advertising — East Leeds Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Email Policy — Email Policy on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
File Uploader — File Uploader on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Garforth Advertising — Garforth Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Generate Sitemap — Generate Sitemap on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Great Preston Advertising — Great Preston Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Image Manager — Image Manager on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Import Articles — Import Articles on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Kippax Advertising — Kippax Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS10 1 Advertising — LS10 1Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS10 2 Advertising — LS10 2Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS10 3 Advertising — LS10 3Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS10 4 Advertising — LS10 4Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS14 1 Advertising — LS14 1Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS14 2 Advertising — LS14 2Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS14 3 Advertising — LS14 3Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS14 5 Advertising — LS14 5Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS14 6 Advertising — LS14 6Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS15 0 Advertising — LS15 0Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS15 4 Advertising — LS15 4Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS15 7 Advertising — LS15 7Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS15 8 Advertising — LS15 8Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS15 9 Advertising — LS15 9Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS16 5 Advertising — LS16 5Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS16 6 Advertising — LS16 6Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS16 7 Advertising — LS16 7Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS16 8 Advertising — LS16 8Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS16 9 Advertising — LS16 9Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS17 0 Advertising — LS17 0Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS17 5 Advertising — LS17 5Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS17 6 Advertising — LS17 6Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS17 7 Advertising — LS17 7Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS17 8 Advertising — LS17 8Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS17 9 Advertising — LS17 9Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS18 4 Advertising — LS18 4Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS18 5 Advertising — LS18 5Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS19 6 Advertising — LS19 6Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS19 7 Advertising — LS19 7Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS1 2 Advertising — LS1 2Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS1 3 Advertising — LS1 3Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS1 4 Advertising — LS1 4Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS1 5 Advertising — LS1 5Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS1 6 Advertising — LS1 6Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS20 8 Advertising — LS20 8Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS20 9 Advertising — LS20 9Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS21 3 Advertising — LS21 3Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS22 4 Advertising — LS22 4Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS22 5 Advertising — LS22 5Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS22 6 Advertising — LS22 6Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS22 7 Advertising — LS22 7Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS24 8 Advertising — LS24 8Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS24 9 Advertising — LS24 9Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS25 1 Advertising — LS25 1Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS25 2 Advertising — LS25 2Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS25 3 Advertising — LS25 3Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS25 4 Advertising — LS25 4Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS25 5 Advertising — LS25 5Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS25 6 Advertising — LS25 6Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS25 7 Advertising — LS25 7Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS26 0 Advertising — LS26 0Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS26 8 Advertising — LS26 8Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS26 9 Advertising — LS26 9Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS2 7 Advertising — LS2 7Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS2 8 Advertising — LS2 8Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS2 9 Advertising — LS2 9Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS3 1 Advertising — LS3 1Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS4 2 Advertising — LS4 2Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS5 3 Advertising — LS5 3Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS6 1 Advertising — LS6 1Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS6 2 Advertising — LS6 2Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS6 3 Advertising — LS6 3Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS6 4 Advertising — LS6 4Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS7 1 Advertising — LS7 1Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS7 2 Advertising — LS7 2Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS7 3 Advertising — LS7 3Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS7 4 Advertising — LS7 4Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS8 1 Advertising — LS8 1Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS8 2 Advertising — LS8 2Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS8 3 Advertising — LS8 3Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS8 4 Advertising — LS8 4Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS8 5 Advertising — LS8 5Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS9 0 Advertising — LS9 0Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS9 6 Advertising — LS9 6Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS9 7 Advertising — LS9 7Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS9 8 Advertising — LS9 8Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
LS9 9 Advertising — LS9 9Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Leave Comment — Leave Comment on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Leeds Advertising — Leeds Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Leeds Magazine Advertising — Leeds Magazine Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Local News Hub — Local News Hub on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Locations Directory — Locations Directory on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Lotheron Advertising — Lotheron Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Logo Manager — Logo Manager on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage Ad Rates — Manage Ad Rates on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage Advertising — Manage Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage Articles — Manage Articles on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage Categories — Manage Categories on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage Comments — Manage Comments on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage Competitions — Manage Competitions on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage News Submissions — Manage News Submissions on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage Testimonials — Manage Testimonials on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Manage Vehicles — Manage Vehicles on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Media Kit — Media Kit on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Admin Media Kit Download — Admin Media Kit Download on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Moortown Advertising — Moortown Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Newsam Green Advertising — Newsam Green Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
North Leeds Advertising — North Leeds Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
North Rigton Advertising — North Rigton Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Oakwood Advertising — Oakwood Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Parlington Advertising — Parlington Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Pendas Fields Advertising — Pendas Fields Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Pending Submissions — Pending Submissions on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Pending Vehicle Submissions — Pending Vehicle Submissions on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Print Schedule — Print Schedule on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Privacy Policy — Privacy Policy on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Public Notices — Public Notices on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Rate Card — Rate Card on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Rothwell Advertising — Rothwell Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Roundhay Advertising — Roundhay Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
SEO Analysis — SEOAnalysis on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
SEO Meta Updater — SEOMeta Updater on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Search — Search on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Shadwell Advertising — Shadwell Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Sitemap — Sitemap on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Social Guide — Social Guide on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Social Media Covers — Social Media Covers on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Social Profile Setup — Social Profile Setup on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Social Promo — Social Promo on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Sturton Grange Advertising — Sturton Grange Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Submit News — Submit News on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Submit Vehicle — Submit Vehicle on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Swillington Advertising — Swillington Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Temple Newsam Advertising — Temple Newsam Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Testimonials — Testimonials on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
The Spinngs Advertising — The Spinngs Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Thorner Advertising — Thorner Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Thorpe Arch Advertising — Thorpe Arch Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Website Comparison — Website Comparison on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Wetherby Advertising — Wetherby Advertising on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Write Testimonial — Write Testimonial on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.
Google501ccfa8272b098e — google501ccfa8272b098e on Yorkshire Reporter Hub. Your central hub for all Yorkshire news and features, with a modern, optimized e.